History Challenged

The son of Sigimer, a prince of the German nation, Arminius was celebrated as a symbol of German unity and freedom. He fought the Roman Empire while it was on its peak of power, remembering him as a liberator. As a child, Arminius was made hostage of the Roman Empire. Born a prince of tge Cherusci tribe, but raised in Rome. Taught to be in service to the Roman military, consequently he was granted Roman citizenship and later become a Roman knight. To aid the local governor Publius Quinctilius Varus in completing the Roman conquest of the Germanic tribes, Arminius was sent in Germania after his service with distinction in the Great Illyrian Revolt. With the trust of the governor and the Romans, Arminius managed to secretly prepared a Germanic revolt against Roman rule, ending in Teutoburg Forest with the ambush and destruction of 3 legions of the Roman army. Arminius fought off retaliatory invasions by Germanicus, a Roman general in the battles of Pontes, Longi,

Hearing someone say Greek words is interesting and sounds easy, but learning it is somewhat different. Reading ang writing the Greek language can be challenging. For beginners, learning the basic greetings and goodbyes is a step, also the key is listening and practice. There are great language apps available for free, you can start there and practice by watching Greek films with your mother tongue as subtitles. That way you can test your learnings. Some Greeks are bilingual or even multilingual, these happens to be a grear opportunity to learn the Greek Language from native speakers. You can contact Greek tutors that knows your mother tongue for better practice and easy learnings.  Published: January 29, 2019

The nation of Greece holds much history, and even the word "history" itself started there. Language and literature, Greeks got them. The beauty it offers overwhelms your heart completely. Tourist come and go. The artistry of their houses and the blueness of their seas. But what is the official language of the Greeks? Greeks are proud people. They speak their own language, they love their own. However, since schoolchildren start learning the English language in the 3rd grade, most Greeks under 40 years old are also bilingual or multilingual. So for tourist, no need to hassle yourself, they know English specially in the tourism department. But if you love their language, you are free to do so, speak clearly and slowly for better conversing. They will much appreciate if you try a little bit of their language, this is somewhat way of sharing your interest to them, also it offers respect. Greece's official language and spoke by 99% of the population is G

Brazil, as we all know - a great big nation in the South American Continent that expanded from the Amazon Basin in the north to vineyards and massive Iguaçu Falls in the south. However, the proud nation did start from the 15 donatry captaincy colonies, originally established on the Northeast Atlantic coast near the 46th Meridian West also known as Tordesillas Line of 1494 . This did put the boundary between neighboring colonies of the Spanish Crown. On the month of April, 1500 - as recorded, Pedro Álvares Cabral claimed the land for Portugal. Brazilians don't celebrate their discovery like it was a very big day for all of them - like it was the day that their story really began. NO! For the reason that their history reaches way past thousands of years before the Portuguese fleet came. The rich history of this land started with the indigenous people of Brazil. The region where the Portuguese explorers anchored was already inhabited by hundres of different tribes

Being an Emperor of a great big empire, requires attitude and ability! Would a nice person succeed as a Roman Emperor? The possibility is limited, as we can read throughout the history of the Roman Empire, few passed the requirements to be called “nice-person-successful-emperor”. I'm not saying it's not possible, but a leader must show aggressiveness in cases that needs seriousness and haste. Being a all-nice-person emperor, hmmm not that good enough. I'm saying an emperor of a great and big empire needs to master all attitude, to use each for different purpose and usage. Published: January 27, 2019

The historic site of Machu Picchu holds great wonders. With its high altitude, it will literally take your breath away. Amazing scenery plus rich history! Think about this, the time of creation - about 1450, location - ON A MOUNTAIN RIDGE of Eastern Cordillera of Southern Peru at 7,970 ft above sea level. The official name of this wonder is Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu of the Inca Civilization, and known to be “the lost city of the Incas". Published: January 26, 2019

President Rodrigo Roa Duterte or known to all Fililinos as “Du30" or “Tatay D" was so far, for almost all Filipinos to be the best President! For his first year in a 6 year term, he had proven himself a great leader. Projects were booming! The Department of Public Works and Highways and all goverment agencies are at its busiest. A post of Tet Gallardo on Facebook listed the 59 accomplishment of the President Duterte on his 1st term as the leader of a nation who wants change, this list was according to Sammy De Leon Deleña. All should know that these achievements were what the Filipino people yearn to have, for the past presidents showned much much less compared to what President Duterte is doing now. Here is the long (and suprising for Filipinos) list: 1. Philippimes external debt sheds $5.2B as of June 2017. 2. Highest PSEi closed at all time high 8,312.93 3. Crime rate in Manila dropped by 38% for the past 12 months. 4. Duterte’s Political Will c

The first European explorer to reach Hawaii is Captain James Cook of the Royal Navy, a British explorer, navigator and known to be a cartographer. Born to James Cook and Grace Pace on the 7th of November 1728 at Marton, United Kingdom. Married to Elizabeth Batts, and had six children. He sails past the island of Oahu, thus discovering the Hawaiian Islands on the 18th of January, 1778. To add, he even died in Hawaii upon his return on the 14th of February, 1779 at Kealakekue Bay, Hawaii, killed by a Hawaiian. If you look close on his signature, you can see his admiration to navigating, exploring great oceans,  and discovering new sea routes. Under his name was a cursive sway portraying restless waves. Published: January 25, 2019

To sing is a very common thing in the Philippines, and in fact when Filipinos were asked about why are there so many singers in their land, often they say “I don't know.” Studies suggest it is because of the culture and the choices of the song and music they prefer. But I want you to understand why the culture? One proof is their national anthem, Lupang Hinirang or known in English as Beloved Homeland. The anthem was originally Marcha Nacional Filipina or the Philippine National March. In 1898, its music was composed by Julian Felipe, however the lyrics added was originally Spanish based on a poem by Jose Palma, only on the year 1958 that it was translated to the Fililino language. What's with the anthem anyway? Does their national anthem helps them vocalized? The answer - YES! But before we jump to the reason why, let me first tell you the message of the song. Since it was known as a national march, marching music must be hard pounding and loud, however in thi

We know of modern banking to be easy and accessible, and safe. The words comes to our mind when we hear banking: ATM, deposit, withdraw, check, bills, credit cards, and such. What would be like without banking, or what would it be like when you were the one to establish the first ever bank and will continue to serve for 547 years and still counting! Principles of banking were used to ancient civilizations like Rome, like lending and borrowing money or such. At the time, Roman Empire is expanding, thus the development of banking also widened. But not until March 4,  1472, the first ever established bank was in the city state of Sienna, Italy by its magistrates. In fact, it is the 3rd largest bank in Italy and the oldest surviving bank in the world! The name of the bank is Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena. Continuing its service and operation since the year it was founded. Published: January

The Empire of the Ottoman greatly influenced lots of European and Asian nations like Turkey, th Balkan Peninsula, Persia, the Arab Nations, and such. This region of land absorbed and modified the culture of the Ottoman which evolved throughout time and with every land they conquered, some of their custom were altered. The language and literature of Turkish people for example had a very deep roots towards old members of the Ottoman Empire - the Persians, Arabs, and such. Even the poetry circulating around Turkish Court were widely influenced by Persian tradition. One cannot deny the architectural influence of the Ottoman to the beautiful building seen today in Turkey. It is greatly appreciated up to this date the elegance and strong mysteries of their caravanserais. And yes, Turkey had the eyes of a Ottoman towards arts and decorative arts. The curve and sway of their calligraphy, the little tiny beautiful details on their carpets which can bring you, which literal

Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover, on the 10th of November, 1683, the man who became George II was born George Augustus. The son and heir of King George I , he was the last ruling British monarch that was born outside the British Isles, and this record still stands as the great grandson of Queen Elizabeth II and third in line of succession to the British throne, Prince George of Cambridge was born at London on the 22nd of July. 2013. The intelligent wife of George II was Carolina of Ansbach, who enermously influenced and persuaded him on retaining his father’s adviser, Sir Robert Walpole as the prime minister. Thus, damaging his capabilities as a strong politician. George II also was the last British monarch to command troops in the field during the War of the Austrian Succession in 1743. In comparison to his father King George I, George II played a bigger role in England’s foreign and military affairs.  Not far away from the British Isles, Prince Charles Edward Stuar

King George I was the great-grandson of James I and the very first King of England from the House of Hanover of Germany. On May 28, 1660, George I was born George Louis in Osnabrück, Hanover, Germany. After the death of his father in 1698, he succeeded as ruler of Hanover at the age 38. Consequently, upon the death of Queen Anne in 1714, he became king of England. Son and heir : George II Oddly speaking, it seems very strange that a foreigner from Germany should ever succeed to the British throne, however it is the fact. Since the England’s Act of Settlement of 1701 barred Catholics from becoming monarch, and since George was first and the nearest Protestant heir, it was well known to be right that he will take the throne of Britain. But he was not accepted by some of his people, mostly Scottish-Highlanders. In the year of 1715, George I, now King of England, stopped an uprising led by those who wished to restore the Stuarts, who are Catholic to the throne – the Jacobite

Glass has very unique and enigmatic tale to offer to the modern society. People of old used obsidian – a natural black volcanic glass for arrowheads, knives, ornaments, and as tools. However, there was a man so enchanted by its beauty, who was willing to pay a great sum of money to have it. In 37-68 A.D., this was the time of extravagance and excessive indulgence, a luxury-loving Emperor of Ancient Rome named Nero was so delighted by the beauty of these sparkling brightness that he spent 6,000 sesterces for only two small cups. That is about $2,500 on today’s currency! Who can deny the glistening luster of glass, as well as its many, many usages! Glass comes from rather peculiar properties, you see its base is pure silica sand. Now, what is silica sand? It is composed of the mineral quartz, which is a compound of the elements silicon and oxygen. To make it even better, soda ash and lime or potash and lime are added to the sand. These mixture act as fluxing agents or in ot

In the early Middle Ages traders traveling from city to city required protection from robbers. Even nobles generally turned highwaymen and robbed passing merchants. Nobles usually collected tolls from traders UN agency journeyed across their land. So, merchants banded along to safeguard lives and merchandise. The merchants of a city additionally needed protection against competition from different traders. A guild's main purpose was to carry a monopoly of trade. solely lodge members were allowed to try to to business in an exceedingly city. every lodge received a charter from the native king or lord. The charter gave the lodge this right of monopoly. A visiting bargainer might do business solely once he had received permission from the lodge of the city and had paid a high fee. Guilds had their own courts and settled quarrels between members. They mounted costs and set standards of weights, measures, and quality. Guilds were social clubs, too, with guildhalls whe

Goats may have been the primary hoofed creatures that were ever subdued. Individuals still bring goats up in numerous spots all through the world. Various types of goats additionally live in nature. Like cows, goats are kept for their drain. They are additionally reared for meat, hair, and cover up. Many agreeable goats have been trai9ned to pull trucks. The most punctual goats were creatures of soak slopes and mountainsides in Asia. Later they spread to North Africa and southern Europe. The terrains they lived in were either hot and dry or cold and infertile, with few plants.  From these wild predecessors, household goats have acquired two uncommon characteristics. They are extremely surefooted. What's more, they will eat any plant material. Goats like grass, leaves, twigs, and berries. They will eat harsh desert plants and furthermore lichens. They may snack dry wood, rope, cotton fabric, and cigarettes.  When climbing, a wild goat can stick to the littlest ed